Hello, my name is Dr. Grant Petersen, and today I will be talking to you about the determination of lysine and tryptophan requirements in 10-20 kg pigs. First, I'd like to give a brief outline. Today I'm going to be talking about three different experiments that we've conducted. The first one's going to be the determination of the lysine requirement in 10-20 kg pigs. The second study will be the development of corn co-product diets, and the third study will be the determination of the lysine and tryptophan requirement in 10-20 kg pigs using the corn co-product diets. In our first experiment, we determined the lysine requirement using a corn/ soybean meal basal diet. We used five treatments, and we titrated lysine from the basal diet of 1% SID lysine; we added lysine hydrochloride at 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 SID lysine. All of the other amino acids were included at levels according to Baker (1997). We utilized four pigs per pen, and eight replications per diet for a total of 160 pigs. Their initial body weight was 10.14 +- 0.78 kg. And we measured average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gai ed. The results of our first experiment. You can see on the left-hand side, average daily gain was measured in grams per day. And on the bottom of the slide, you can see standard ileal digestible lysine. We used a breakpoint analysis, and using the breakpoint analysis, we determined the lysine requirement to be 1.18%. Similarly, using gai ed, we measured a breakpoint analysis of 1.29% for standard ileal digestible lysine. So the conclusions of our first experiment were that the lysine requirement was 1.24%, averaging the average daily gain and gai ed estimates for SID lysine in Genetiporc pigs. In the second experiment, we developed basal diets using either a corn/corn gluten meal/field pea diet or a corn/high protein distillers grains diet. We used five treatment basal corn/soybean meal diet with SID lysine of 1.2%, or one of two different levels of lysine in the corn/corn gluten meal/field pea diet of 1.2% or 1.35%, and similarly in the corn/high protein distillers grains diet, a lysine level of either 1.2% or 1.35%. In this experiment, we utilized five pigs per pen and six replications per diet, for a total of 150 pigs, and initial body weight was 10.14+- 0.78 kg. We measured average daily gain, feed intake, and gai ed. As for the results for Experiment ou can see in this slide we've measured average daily gain. The first column is corn/soybean meal and 1.2% lysine, and the middle two columns are corn gluten meal/pea diets at 1.2% SID lysine or 1.35% SID lysine, and the last two columns are the corn/HP-DDG diet at 1.2% SID lysine or 1.35% SID lysine. You can see here that the corn/soybean meal diet outperformed all other diets. However, the higher levels of lysine in the corn co-product diets result in better gain. Similar results were observed for gai ed, in which the corn/soybean meal diet had the highest gai ed overall, and the higher levels of SID lysine in the corn co-product diets had a better gai ed ratio than the lower SID lysine. The conclusions for Experiment 2 were that the increased levels of SID lysine in the corn gluten meal/field pea diet and the HP-DDG diet improved performance, and corn co-product-containing diets did not perform as well as corn/soybean meal diets. In Experiment 3, we determined the lysine and tryptophan requirement using corn/corn gluten meal/field pea basal diets using a 1.4% SID lysine and 0.28% SID tryptophan. We titrated lysine to 1.27, 1.14, 1.01, 0.80, or 0.75% SID lysine by removing lysine hydrochloride. Similarly, we titrated tryptophan from 0.28 down to 0.245, 0.21, 0.175, 0.14, or 0.105% by removing L-tryptophan. In this experiment, we utilized five pigs per pen, eight replications per diet, for a total of 440 pigs of initial body weight of 10.3 kg. We measured average daily gain, feed intake, gai ed, and plasma urea nitrogen. In this study, we utilized a couple different statistical analyses. Both a breakpoint and a quadratic analysis were measured, and where the quadratic met the plateau of the breakpoint was determined to be the requirement in the study. As you can see, for average daily gain, the tryptophan requirement was measured at 0.22% of the diet. For gai ed, similarly, the estimated tryptophan requirement was 0.20%. For plasma urea nitrogen, you can see that the intersection between the breakpoint and the quadratic yielded a requirement of 0.22% for tryptophan in this study. Using average daily gain as response criterion, the lysine requirment using the intersection of the breakpoint and the quadratic analysis yielded a result of 1.17% lysine for the requirement. For gai ed, the quadratic analysis was not significant so we did not include that. However, the breakpoint analysis yielded a result of 1.11% lysine as the requirement. Using the combination of breakpoint and quadratic analysis, the plasma urea nitrogen yielded a result of 1.15% SID lysine. The conclusions for Experiment 3 were that the requirement for SID lysine was 1.16%, and the requirement for tryptophan was 0.21% using an average of all the previous response criteria. If you take a ratio of these two levels, we yielded an SID tryptopha sine of 18. 0. Overall conclusions for these studies were that the SID tryptophan requirement in corn/soybean meal diets was 1.24%. The requirement for 10-20 kg pigs using a corn/corn gluten meal/field pea diet was 1.16% SID lysine using the intersection method for the average of average daily gain and PUN, and 0.21% SID tryptophan for the intersection method using the average of average daily gain and PUN. For more inforamtion, please visit the URL on the screen. And with that, I'd like to thank you for your time.